Motivation and performance are not merely dependent upon environmental needs and external rewards. An unmotivated employee is less likely to be productive. The psychologist fredrick herzberg asked the same question in the 1950s and 60s as a. The twofactor theory also known as herzberg s motivation hygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. His study is based on responses of 200 accountants and engineers, drawn from eleven industries in the pittsburgh area. First discussed in 1959s motivation to work, his influential two factor theory aka hygiene motivation theory established how workplace factors can impact our motivation levels in two very different ways. A good salary will not make people happy, but the lack of a good salary will make people unhappy. Frederick herzbergs two factor theory explanined peakon. May 15, 2017 herzberg twofactor theory of motivation. A ghanaian perspective january 2011 kwasi darteybaah. Leadership and job motivation in international corporate governance. Frederick herzberg concluded that pay was not a motivator.
Jun 26, 20 understanding herzbergs motivation theory by john ball 03 oct 2003 understanding what motivates people in all walks of life is basic to all who aspire to management. Frederick herzberg was an american psychologist who was influential in the field of business management. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory thinker 001 frederick herzberg 19232000 was a us clinical psychologist who later became professor of management at utah university. Herzberg two factor theory topics business tutor2u. As part of his efforts, he would also publish the motivatorhygiene theory. Herzberg motivation theory proposes the hygiene theory, also known as the two factor theory of job satisfaction. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory cmi. Herzberg concluded that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction were the products of two.
Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in assessing and. The twofactor theory developed from data collected by. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder motivators. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals. Herzberg and his associates conducted a research based on the interview of 200 engineers and accountants who looked for 11 different firms in pittsburgh area, u. One such theory of motivation is herzbergs two factor theory. Fredrick herzberg and his associates developed the motivation hygiene theory, commonly known as the two factor theory, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He found that there are certain characteristics that can be aligned with job satisfaction and other characteristics that are consistent with job dissatisfaction.
Conclusion herzbergs theory argue that the twofactor result is observed because it is natural for people to take credit for satisfaction and to blame dissatisfaction on external factors. The twofactor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find. Herzberg motivation theory satisfied and motivated. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. This theory, also called the motivationhygiene theory or the dualfactor theory, was penned by frederick herzberg in 1959. Provenmodels motivationhygiene theory frederick herzberg. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. The impact of money on joining, continuing and leaving. Motivation theory herzberg twofactor theory effective communication in a business gcse theories of motivation gcse financial methods of motivation.
Frederick herzberg 1959, extending the work of maslow, developed the content theory of motivation. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in. Herzberg s hygiene theory of motivation the first piece of research that interests us was undertaken by fredrick herzberg in 1959 to investigate satisfaction at work. The twofactor theory of motivation is the psychological motivation theory, established in late 1950s by frederick herzberg and based on human needs.
Twofactor theory of motivation hygiene and motivational factor. Accordingly, herzberg s twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. The result of this research became known as herzberg s hygiene theory or the two factor theory and showed that those factors that gave a person satisfaction at work and those. He is noted for among other things his ideas on job enrichment, enlargement and rotation. This paper critically examines frederick herzbergs twofactor theory and assesses its. This american psychologist, who was very interested in peoples motivation and job satisfaction, came up with the theory. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. To put things simply, a motivated employee is more likely to be productive. One such theory of motivation is herzberg s two factor theory.
Combining the hygiene and motivation factors results in four scenarios. Frederick herzberg was a behavioral scientist who explored the factors that make employees feel satisfied or dissatisfied. Introduction job satisfaction is extensively reported to exert enormous influence on performance, retention and turnover rates of the employees 1, 2. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector. His overriding interest in mental health stemmed from his belief that mental health is the core issue of our times. Hygiene factors and motivation factors herzbergs theory could also be explained with maslows hierarchy of needs, where the physiological, safety and security as well as social needs belong to the hygiene factors and the esteem and selfactualization needs fall into the category of motivation factors. Frederick herzbergs theory was first published in his book the motivation to work in 1959. Frederick herzbergs two factor theory is one the bestknown theories of. It was derived from maslows hierarchy of needs and states that human needs are arranged in a series of levels in a hierarchy of importance which causes motivation. Jan 03, 2018 in 1959, frederick herzberg proposed his two factor theory. According to the two factor theory of frederick herzberg people are influenced by. Frederick herzberg was a psychologist interested in the correlation between employee attitude and workplace motivation. His study led to the herzberg hygiene theory, which is also known as the herzberg two factor theory.
Towards understanding controversy on herzberg theory of. The theory was highly controversial at the time it was published, claims to be the most replicated study in this area, and provided the foundation for numerous other theories and frameworks in human resource development herzberg, 1987. The frederick herzberg motivationhygiene theory draws a connection between attitude and motivation. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The name hygiene factors is used because, like hygiene, the presence will not make you healthier, but absence can cause health deterioration. One of the best known of all the writers on motivation is herzberg. Combining the hygiene and motivator factors can result in some scenarios namely. The herzbergs motivationhygiene theory is given by fredrick herzberg and his associates, who studied the variables that are perceived to be desirable to achieve goals and the undesirable conditions to avoid. Frederick herzberg biography, quotes, publications and books. Herzberg s motivation theory model goes by a number of different names, including two factor theory, herzberg s motivation hygiene theory, and duel structure theory. Twofactor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. The motivation to work frederick herzberg, bernard mausner.
These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. In the theory, herzberg has explained certain factors relating to the workplace that cause job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Frederick herzberg a wellknown management theorist developed a specific content theory of work motivation. Job enrichment involved including motivators in the design of jobs. Frederick herzberg developed one of the bestknown theories of people management. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. One of his most significant contributions was to introduce the concept of job enrichment into the employment sector. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory is developed by professor frederick irving herzberg in year 1959 herzberg, 1966. Herzberg s motivation hygiene theory herzberg s motivation hygiene theory is often called the two factor theory and focuses on those sources of motivation which are pertinent to the accomplishment of work hall and williams 1986, 6. The twofactor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. Frederick irving herzberg april 18, 1923 january 19, 2000 was an american psychologist who became one of the most influential names in business management.
Twofactor theory was formulated by frederick herzberg in 1959. Jan 24, 2014 experiment or research study on employees by herzberg the twofactor theory also known as herzberg s motivation hygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by psychologist frederick herzberg. Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in assessing. Individual teaching resources for delivering specific topics, including teaching instructions. The main contribution of this research is herzbergs theory of motivation. Employee job satisfaction in international corporate merger and. According to this theory, along with certain factors that cause job satisfaction, there are factors that cause dissatisfaction from work. The first group of factors he called hygiene factors and the second, motivators. However there were also factors that would demotivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder hygiene factors. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work. Jan 09, 2018 he was a psychologist from america who became renowned worldwide for introducing the herzberg motivation hygiene theory.
Application of frederick herzberg s twofactor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work. This theory, also called the motivation hygiene theory or the dualfactor theorywas penned by frederick herzberg in herzberg s theory challenged the assumption that dissatisfaction was a result of an absence of factors giving rise to satisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation human business. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory managementmania. It divides into two groups of factors known as the motivator factors and hygiene factors. A good tool to help in this is the situational leadership model or our flexible leader ecourse. This paper critically examines frederick herzbergs twofactor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the ghanaian worker. In the 1950s frederick herzberg, a nativeborn us psychologist, conducted the. Frederick herzberg motivationhygiene theory explained hrf. We will use these terms interchangeably in this article. Using criticalincident methods, he asked the samples to respond on two aspects as follows. Herzberg also coined the term job enrichment, a technique which grew out of the hygienemotivation theory. This theory was created to offer an explanation for either the satisfaction or dissatisfaction that is being experienced.
Pdf application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory. This was prompted by his posting to the dachau concentration camp after its liberation. In this context, the study was conducted wherein the experiences and feelings of 200 engineers and accountants were. Herzbergs two factor motivation theory herzbergs two factor theory sometimes dual factor theory or herzberg motivation theory is one of the motivation theories and it suitably complements, for example, maslows pyramid. The theory is also known by the name twofactor theory and dualfactor theory. Based on percentages of total factors causing high and low attitude effects. Herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. Frederick herzberg and his staff based their motivationhygiene theory on a variety of human needs and applied it to a strategy of job enrichment that has widely influenced motivation and job design strategies. Mar 07, 2016 the herzberg motivation theory focuses predominantly on job enrichment think of ways you can empower, delegate, enhance job roles to keep people interested and stimulated. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content. Frederick herzbergs well known twofactor theory was designed in year 1959.
For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of dissatisfaction, but excellent working conditions. Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work. Herzbergs twofactor theory 3 herzberg published the twofactor theory of work motivation in 1959. Herzberg had close links with maslow and believed in a twofactor theory of motivation. Pdf this paper critically examines frederick herzbergs twofactor theory. Frederick herzbergs twofactor theory is also known as the motivationhygiene theory. He conducted his research by asking a group of people about their good and bad experiences at work. Herzberg s motivators and hygiene factors achievement to advancement are motivators.